CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY:
The
development of any nation does not rest wholly on the government alone but on
the contribution of every citizen generally and stake holders in particular.
This informed the analytical view of the role of the civil society in general
and its contribution to policy making in Nigeria.
Civil
society involvement in governance and decision making processes in Nigeria’s
nascent democracy has been minimal. However, the voting pattern and behaviour
of the civil society groups in Imo State South Eastern Nigeria in the 2011
general elections, provides an evaluation of mass action. This was phenomenal
in historic and comparative terms as it was triggered by the abuse of political
power by the state government in the period 2007-2010.
Civil
society organizations are very important to the policy makers or the state as
they are better placed to know the population needs in terms of development and
good governance. In recent years, CSOS have become more prominent, more visible
and more diverse all over the world. One of the factors influencing the growth
of CSOS has been the increased challenges to imbalances of power between state
and the unstructured. On the one hand
and civil society on the other. This has being driven by many forces such as
reactions to centralized authority in
state structures dissatisfaction with policy positions taken by the state in
international arenas. CSo networks have been formed within and across countries
to promote a wider support to public interests on global policy issues such as
human right environment, debt recovery development and health etc (www. who int) the CSOs have the responsibility to influence public policy processes
including counter balancing of commercial interest and consensus building on
societal priorities. The Cso also provide
a legal authority for public participation and the enhancement of civil
education and expanding opportunities for greater involvement in government
programs. Attahiru Jega (2007) enumerated roles of civil societies in Nigeria
when he listed three roles this :
i.
The promotion and defense of the constitution and rule of law.
ii.
The enhancement of the integrity and efficacy of the democratic institution and
process as well.
iii.
The development of a viable democratic political culture in the polity
In other words, civil society can
positively contribute to sustainability of democracy by legitimizing and entrenching institutions
processes and the culture of democracy, delegitimizing and opposing
authoritarian. Undemocratic and Uncivil practice and dispositions (Jaga,
2007;247).
Some of the prominent civil society
organizations are the Saice Nigeria Group, OPC, Ijaw Youth Movement,
Campaign for democracy (CD), Women in
Nigeria (WIN), Civil liberties Organization (CLO), Committee for the Defense of
Human Rights (CDHF), Constitutional Rights projects (CRP), United Action For
Democracy (UAD); National Democratic Coalition (NADECO), Joint Action Committee
of Nigeria (JACON): Democratic Alternatives (DA): National Association of
seadogs (NAS) etc.
1.2
STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM:
Nigeria’s
Fourth Republic, which has witnessed four general elections (1999, 2003, 2007,
and 2011), is yet to show profound evidence of a growing democracy. All of the
elections in the fourth republic were marked with controversies, just as their
processes and end products encountered credibility and legitimacy crises.
Historically, civil society in Nigeria has been at the forefront of struggle
for a national development. However, the struggle for democracy found new
meaning in the context of economic crisis and structural adjustment climate of
the 1980s. Other civil groups found meaning or I relevance within the military
autocracy and transition to civil rule programmes.
With the
annulment of June 12, 1993 presidential election, the persistent economic
crisis and the impasse that followed, fuelled the internal and external
struggles by civil society to promote democracy in Nigeria. In the present
political dispensation, efforts are being made by civil society to I
consolidate the hard won democracy through its” various intervention activities
on issues of human rights, electoral reforms, constitutional reform, gender
equality, civic education, transparency and accountability.
This Study aim
to posit that until the problems of youth restiveness, ethno-religious
violence, and general insecurity of life and property, unemployment,
corruption, political apathy, people oriented constitution and the like are
addressed, efforts of civil society to promote good governance are likely to
remain futile. Hence, the study aims to critically look into the impact of
civil society organization on Nigeria’s social political development in
reference to the fourth republic.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The overall objective
of this study is to examine critically the Impact of Civil Society organization
on Nigeria’s social political development with special reference to Nigeria
fourth republic.
i. To examine the role of civil society
organization fostering social political development.
ii. To investigate some
likely factors affecting social political development.
iii. To examine the
political behaviour of the civil society organization.
iv. To examine the role
of government to educate civil society toward their responsibility.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION:
This
Research study is designed to provide answers to the following questions;
1. What
is the relationship between civil society and social political development in
Nigeria polities?
2. To
what extent can civil society organization affect social political development
in politics?
3. Can
political propaganda campaign and mobilization influence civil society
organization in Nigeria politics?
4. What
is the effect of government in educating the citizens towards awaking their
social develop in politics?
1.5 HYPOTHESIS:
H0 – There is no significant relationship between civil society
organization and social political development in Nigeria
H1-
There is significant relationship
between civil society organization and social political development in Nigeria
H0-
Civil organization cannot influence the social political development in Nigeria
H1-
Civil organization can influence the social political development in Nigeria
H0-
There is no significant relationship between political propaganda campaign and
mobilization influenced civil society organization in politics
H1-
There is significant relationship between political propaganda campaign and
mobilization influenced civil society organization in politics.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research study is expected to focus on civil
society organization on Nigeria political development. It is expected to
examine the entire of the civil society in the fourth republic towards the
political social development patterns within their justification that is from
1999 till date.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
The
outcome of this study will be useful to academic, educators, governmental and
non – governmental organization, Politician, civil societies and the general
public.
It
will shed more light on the impact of civil society organization on Nigeria’s
social political development, its implication on the political development, the
need to curb political propaganda among other things.
The importance of this
study to government, political parties and their leaders’ politicians and the
entire citizens of Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. It will help a great deal
in crystallizing the effect of proper discrimination of information on civil
society organization in politics.
The
study will also fuel further research into the study, and act as consulting
materials to other researcher.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
Like every other research Endeavour,
this study is not without a short coming some of the lookups encountered by the
researcher includes the time scheduled for this exercise for comprehensive studies
which was somewhat tight.
Also, the means of going to and from to het
necessary information needed to carry out the research was not easily
available. Besides materials constraints the in co-operative attitudes set –
back due to the above problems. It can be said that any available
recommendations and conclusion from this study should be applied, adopted or
implemented with caution.
This
study will make use of both primary (questionnaire) and Secondary (Journal,
magazine, textbooks, the Internet, Newspaper, articles e.t.c) in order to
arrive at a tangible conclusion
1.9 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
This study will make use of both primary
(questionnaire) and Secondary (Journal, magazine, textbooks, the Internet,
Newspaper, articles e.t.c) in order to arrive at a tangible conclusion
1.9.1 METHOD OF DATA
ANALYSIS AND INTREPRETATION
Analysis and interpretation of data
would involve the use of frequently distribution table and simple
percentage. Chi – Square statistical
method will be adopted in testing the hypotheses in order to arrive at valid
conclusion.
1.10 PLAN OF THE STUDY
This study comprises of five chapters;
Chapter one would give a general introduction to the study. Chapter two concentrate on the
review assessment of the available and relevant literature on the whole topic. Chapter three present and analyze
method of Research methodology. Chapter
four focus on the presentation of data collected and testing of hypothesis used
in the research study. Chapter
five summarize the whole study and drawn its major conclusion and
recommendation.
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