Statistics Project Topic

1. THE COMPARISON OF GUASSIAN ELIMINATION AND CHOLESKY COMPOSITION METHODS TO LINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATION
2. TIME ANALYSIS OF PATIENT ATTENDANCE ( A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF UYO TEACHING HOSPITAL, UYO)
3. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE FROM 2003-2008 ( A CASE STUDY NBS, KADUNA)
4. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES RECORDED IN FCT ABUJA FROM 1999-2007

Human Resource Project Topics

1.WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
2. IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON STAFF EFFICIENCY IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIGERIA PLC LAGOS)
3. IMPACT OF MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
4. IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS) ON EFFECTIVE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION
5. THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY ( A CASE STUDY OF TOTAL NIGERIA PLC LAGOS)
6.THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY GOAL
7.THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA
8. EMPLOYEE RELATIONS PRACTICES AND ITS EFFECT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOUTH AKIM RURAL BANK (A CASE STUDY OF SOUTH AKIM RURAL BANK, KOFORIDUA)
9. IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE ( A CASE STUDY OF TOTAL NIGERIA PLC ENUGU)
10. THE IMPACT OF COMPENSATION AND REWARD SYSTEM ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF TOTAL NIGERIA PLC IBADAN)
11. IMPACT OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ON INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE IN ROSEMORE HOTELS, UYO
12. EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY ( A CASE STUDY OF SAFEWAY SECURITIES)
13. THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATIONAL INCENTIVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES OF FIRST BANK NIGERIA PLC

14. THE EFFECT OF MANPOWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL GOAL ATTAINMENT
15. EFFECT OF FINANCIAL AND NON FINANCIAL INCENTIVES ON STAFF PRODUCTIVITY
16. THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION
17. IMPACT OF TEAM WORK ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
18. STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AS A TOOL FOR ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES
19. STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AS A TOOL FOR HIGH EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION
20. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AS A TOOL FOR ACHIEVING HIGHER EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION
21.EVALUATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA
22.THE IMPACT OF TEAM WORK ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
23. LEADERSHIP STYLES AND THEIR IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
24. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AS A STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
25. IMPACT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF ECO BANK, ENUGU)
26. IMPACT OF MOTIVATIONAL INCENTIVES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES ENUGU)
27. IMPACT OF MANPOWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
28.EVALUATION OF MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN NIGERIA
29. EFFECT OF TIME MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR ORGANIZATIONAL SURVIVAL
30. THE EFFECT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BANK EMPLOYEES IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK)
31. EFFECT OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SERVICE INDUSTRY OF NIGERIA
32. EFFECT OF PROPER RECORDS MANAGEMENT ON WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY
33. THE EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF EFFISON OIL AND GAS, PORT HARCOURT)
34. THE EFFECT OF NON-MONETARY INCENTIVES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ( A CASE STUDY OF HEALTH GATE FOODS AND DRINKS CO. LTD UYO)
35. EFFECT OF MOTIVATIONAL INCENTIVE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
36. EFFECT OF MANPOWER PLANNING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES ENUGU)
37. THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION OF CHANGE IN AN ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF UNICEM CALABAR)
38. CONFLICT RESOLUTION AS A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED FIRMS IN UYO)
39. ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF CROSS RIVER STATE CIVIL SERVICE)
40. ASSESSING PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES OF ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY, ENUGU)
41. AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF REMUNERATION ON EMPLOYEES ATITUDE AND PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION
42. THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN PROMOTING INDUSTRIAL HARMONY IN NIGERIA
43. THE PROSPECT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ENHANCING HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY IN A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
44. IMPACT OF RECRUITMENT METHOD ON THE NIGERIA CIVIL SERVICE ( A CASE STUDY OF AKWA IBOM CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION)
45. THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT STAFF EDUCATION ( A CASE STUDY OF LAGOS LGA)
46. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR ATTAINING HIGH PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF PEUGOT AUTOMOBILE, UYO)
47. THE EFFECT OF LABOUR TURNOVER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF AKWA IBOM WATER CORPORATION)
48. EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A PROFESSIONAL SECRETARY AND A COMPUTER OPERATOR IN AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED FIRMS IN UYO LGA)
49. THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE MANAGERS
50. THE EFFECT OF MANPOWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEE MORALE IN AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF NTA UYO)
51. THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RELATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF IMF, UYO)
52. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT FOR EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION
53.COMMUNICATION: THE KEY IN EFFECTIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS
54. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: A TOOL FOR ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES
55.EMPLOYEE BENEFITS AND IT EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
56.EMPLOYEE RELATIONS AND IT EFFECTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORFORMANCE
57.CRITICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF JOB STRESS ON NIGERIAN BANKERS
58.PERSOANLITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON GROUP PERFORMANCE
59.A STUDY INTO THE MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCES IN AN ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED FIRMS)
60.A STUDY INTO MOTIVATIONAL FORCES IN THE SERVICE INDUSTRY OF NIGERIA
61. INFLUENCE OF INFORMAL GROUPS ON PRODUCTIVITY
62.THE EFFECT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF ROSEMORE HOTELS UYO)
63.THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK, UYO)
64. THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL GOAL
65. SOCIAL NETWORKING IN WORKPLACES AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
66. EFFECT OF MANPOWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS
67. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AS A STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
68. EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
69. IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
70. THE EFFECT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE STUDY OF DELTA LINE
71.MANAGERIAL COMPETENCE AND TRAINING NEEDS OF POULTRY FARMERS IN NIGERIA

AGRICULTURE SCIENCE/ ECONOMICS PROJECT TOPIC

1. AGRICULTURE
2.  THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL, CO-OPERATIVE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK LTD SOUTH EAST ZONAL HEADQUARTERS IBADAN)
3. IN-SERVICE NEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OYO STATE  (A SURVEY STUDY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE TEACHERS IN IBADAN NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA).
4. THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION TO THE GROWTH OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY.
5. AN INVESTIGATION INTO ACADEMIC INDISCIPLINE AND FAILURE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN (ENGLISH LANGUAGE MATHEMATICS, IGBO LANGUAGE, AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, ECONOMICS. PERIOD 2005-2010 (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA) 
6. THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN FINANCING AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN OYO STATE 
7. THE CONTRIBUTION OF BANKING SECTOR TO AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK, IBADAN BRANCH ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK PLC IBADAN, ZONAL OFFICE)
8. THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN AN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK IBADAN)
9. AGRICULTURAL POLICY
10. MANAGEMENT OF RISK IN AGRICULTURAL FINANCING (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA AGRICULTURAL & COMMERCE)
11. PROBLEMS OF TEACHING AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECTIONS OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS
12. THE CONTRIBUTION OF BANKING SECTOR TO AGRICULTURE GROWTH
13.PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
14.  FARM POWER SOURCES AND UTILIZATION IN OGUN STATE 
15. POULTRY FARMING IN OGUN STATE

MATHEMATICS PROJECT TOPIC

1.THE EFFECT OF TEACHER’S CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL II STUDENT IN MATHEMATICS
2.Factors responsible for mass failure in Mathematics, the recently concluded in Jamb
3.THE FACTORS THAT COULD IMPROVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF Mathematics IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
4. students failure in Mathematics in remo secondary Sagamu school ( a case of wassce )
5.Problems facing teaching and learning of Mathematics in some selected secondary school
6.Effects of instructional materials in teaching Mathematics
7.Attitudes of Science students to Mathematics in selected secondary school
8.TEACHER QUALIFICATION AND SCHOOL TYPE AS A CORRELATES OF STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHEIEVEMENT IN Mathematics. 

THE POLITICIZATION OF RELIGION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE NIGERIA FEDERALISM

THE POLITICIZATION OF RELIGION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE NIGERIA FEDERALISM
ABSTRACT
This project is basically on the politicization of religion in Northern Nigeria and its effects on the Nigerian federalism. The essence of this study is to look at how religion is politicized in Nigeria and suggests possible ways of resolving its attendants problems on Nigerian federalism. The study is carried out using both the primary and secondary data methods, where questionnaire is used to sample the views of the people in the society, particularly those in Northern parts of the country on issues of religion politicization. It was however gathered that quest for money, position, and influence are the root cause of religion politicization. Also, its effect on Nigerian federalism is severe as it generates no small amount of riots and communal clashes in the country. It is however deduced from this study that religion politicization though very common in the north, but can still be curved through proper orientation of the public, particularly the clergy persons in the region. More importantly, it is also gathered that with time, as a result of globalization, rely on politicization would be a tuning of the past in the country. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Before Nigeria became independent on October 1, I960, the nation went through a long period of colonial administration. This, what is today known as Nigeria was actually a large vast of land consisting of various indigenous political systems. In the northern part of the country, there were the Hausa – Fulam Caliphate, the Kanem-Bornu Empire, the Nupe Empire system and a host of others. In the south were the Benin Kingdom, the Yoruba and / or Oyo Empire, the Ibo acephalous society among others. Before the series of amalgamation that followed the advent of colonialism, there wasalready in the northern part a hitherto strong political organization of the whole north sequel to the 1804 Islamic Jihad of Uthman Dan Fodio. It was thus well-organized northern Nigeria that the colonialist imposed their indirect rule system. The casual relationship between the colonial mind-set and Darwinism is skewed to Plato's philosophy of education and statecraft. For instance, just as Plato calls for a class based education for a class structured society where individuals must aspire to remain in the proscribed class, the educational policy of the colonial state was similarly structured and intended. Rather, it was against any form of education, Muslim and Christian alike, not seared towards the realization of the colonial state's agenda. Hence, the colonial state neither destroyed nor developed the Islamic education system, though it appropriated the cultural and socio-political ethos of the Islamic faith it met in Nigeria to serve its interest. Similarly, the colonial state neither destroyed the Christian missions in Nigeria nor spread them from constrictions even though the state, to sustain itself, relied heavily on the services of the products of the Christian educational system. In place of both the Islamic and the Christian educational systems, the colonial state initiated a secularized system of education. It was secularized mainly because religion was made an appendage - something merely recognized 'some what tardily' - rather than the nub of colonial state's educational policy2. By the time Lord Lugard left Nigeria in 1918, the secularized educational policy of the colonial state and its antecedents,  the  Indirect  Rule  policy  and  the   1914 amalgamation of Nigeria, were already firmly established. So too was the administrative division of the country into three unequal groups of provinces. This was to the advantage of the favoured. Islamic North in comparison with its Western and Eastern counterparts in the Christian South. By the mid-1930s and the 1940s the colonial system become firmly consolidated. Given the largest minimum in contact between the different parts of the country, especially between the North and the South. It was not surprising that the colonial system spawned in the religious and socio-political life of the country animosity, suspicion and all sorts of divisive practices. For instance in the North, the Northern indigenous Christian were perceived as posing political threat to the Fulani- Islamic hegemony. From the point of view of national politics, the colon nil administration in the North, unlike that in the South, had congealed into what came to be known as the 'Northern Systems,, that is the Anglo- Hausa-Fulani Islamic Hegemony. The Governor, Sir Donald Cameron (1931-1935), in the trace of shift opposition from the Northern Residents, was so unimpressed by the system that he described the Region as: ....The sacred North, a land apart, suspended in place and time... (which)... held up development in the Region and kept it in an exotic back water, attractive to its British    protectors but administratively ineffective corrupt, and insensitive to the needs of its own peoples especially the non-Muslim and non-Northerners3. With the successful implantation and consolidation of the Northern system, Christian missions had to find away to survive in a hostile environment part of their survival mechanism was to undertake ecumenical meeting either to counter the restriction imposed on the missions by Indirect Rule Policy or to see revenues of compromise with the colonial administration. This led to the establishment of the Northern Christian movement. With perceived feelings of strength the mission decided to make to way into the political terrain like their Muslim counterparts. Suffice it to say that many years after independence, religion has determined political victories and decisions in the Northern part of the country. The heat this has generated andattendant effect on the nation's federalism stimulates intellectual investigation such as this. 1.1   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Political pundits have always opined that political developments in Nigeria have historical and colonial under pinning'. This statement is an incontrovertible fact. The issue of the politicization in Northern Nigeria in particular and the nation in general is one of them. From the colonial days although the formation of the Jamia Islamiya Mautaneen Arewa (JIMA) which was formed and led by Dr. R. A.B. Dikko a Christian) which later became Northern People's Congress and was hijacked by the Northern oligarchy, religion has been politicized by politicians in Northern Nigeria to score political goals. This is because religion appeals to the emotion and psychology of the people and spurs various reactions usually violent reactions as seen in the various riots like the Sharia riot that had to do with religion in Northern part of the country. Religious riots have often threatened the foundation of Nigerian unity such occasions have been followed by calls for the victims of such riots to come back to their home, where they can't be assured of their protection and safety. This has implications national integration. There are clear indications that religion will in the near future play a dominant role in the election of appointment of political leaders from that part of the country. What is the effect of politicized religion on the nation's federalism in general and Northern Nigeria in particular? This is what this project tends to unravel. 1.2   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.          To identify the immediate and remote causes of the politicization of religion in Northern Nigeria. 2.          To identify the implications of this development oil the Nigerians federalism. 3.          To examine to what extent this phenomenon has undermined national integration and unity in Nigeria. 4.          To proffer possible solution and make recommendation to government. 1.3   RESEARCH HYPOTHESES To guide this study, the following hypotheses have been formulated for testing: 1.          That politicization of religion is likely to lead to disunity. 2.          The politicization of religion will undermine the principle of federalism. 3.          Politicization of religion will result in violent re-action in the Northern area of Nigeria. 1.4   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of the study cannot be over-emphasized, especially now that there is a nascent democracy and government is looking for ways to promoting things that unite the country and discontinue those that tend to divide it. The significance of this study is as follow: Firstly, it would provide an insight into the role that religious is playing in Nigeria politics. Secondly, it is hoped that the study would provide the Nigerian leaders with enough information that will guide them in formulation that will guide them in formulating policies in the areas of religion and the state. Thirdly, the study will go a long way in changing the orientation of the people with respect to the negative perception of religion in politics. Such understanding it is expected would help to engender the spirit of tolerance and accommodation among the people of diverse religion. 1.5   SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY The study is concerned with the politicization of religion in the northern part of the country. Essentially, it will focus on the attendant effects that politicization of religion in the Northern studies have on the Nigerian federation. The limitation of this study is defined by the sensitive nature of the main subject matter which is religious, a subject that evokes a lot of emotion and sensitivities. BUY THE COMPLETE PROJECT                                                                               CALL 08050262622 07061003413 OFFICE Shop 4, OGO OLUWA Shopping Complex, Wessco lotto B/S, Ondo Road, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State.                              PRICE NIGERIA: N10000   INTERNATIONAL: $60                       PAYMENT OPTIONS NIGERIA Cash Deposit Bank: Access Bank Plc. Account Name: Wahab Babatunde A Account No: 0045036563 AMOUNT: N10000 NIGERIA Cash Deposit Bank: Guaranty Trust Bank Account Name: Wahab Babatunde A. Account No: 0050334028 AMOUNT: N10000

THE INFLUENCE OF GODFATHERISM IN NIGERIA POLITICS IN THE FOURTH REPUBLIC (THE ROLE OF EDUCATION)

THE INFLUENCE OF GODFATHERISM IN NIGERIA POLITICS IN THE FOURTH REPUBLIC (THE ROLE OF EDUCATION)
ABSTRACT
The discourse of godfatherism had so much influenced the socio-economic and political life of the nation especially in the fourth republic. It had gained much attention at the present time as a result of its need forms of articulation. It has become almost impossible for an individual to hold political office either by appointment or election without patronizing a godfather because of their power and influence. In the light of this, this long essay critically examined how poverty, ignorance and corruption contributed to the emergence of godfatherism and the role of the godfathers in carrying out their biding such as, arson, maiming, bribing, abduction and all kings of corrupt styles in other to win elections for their selfish enrich. The study also examined the consequences of this in the fourth republic. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The concept of godfatherism is firmly establishing itself as a guiding principle in contemporary Nigeria politics. Godfathers are generally defined as men who have the power personally to determine both who gets nominated to contest elections and who wins in the election. In the past, Nigerian society had fewer criminals that the judicial systems attempted to contend with in recent times, our judicial systems cannot contend with such because Nigerian society is building criminals at rapid pales in the late 20th and early 21st centuries through democratization and militarization practices, when the governing systems failed to deliver the other takes over. In democracy one way that regime is breeding criminals is through godfather’s, godfatherims is old fashion enterprise that circulates around nation with different names or headings for centuries. Godfathers in Nigeria is a topic that has not been given enough attention until recent coup that exposed Chief Chris Uba, estranged political Godfather of Chief Dr. Chris Ngige among political criminals that is behind elections or selection of most of our state governors and other law makers. Apparently it appears majority of our state governors are financed by such caliber of person and for those financed by their godfathers get into offices now have huge power in respective states. They assigned civil services and or political positions to who are not of the people but people of the privates. The role of education in politics cannot be over emphasized. To be effective, civil education must be realistic, it must address the central truth about political life. The American Political Science Association (A.P.S.A) recently formed a task force on Civil Education. Its statement of purpose calls for more realistic teaching about the nature of political life and a better understanding of “the complex elements of the art of the possible”. The A.P.S.A. reports faults existing civil education because all too often it seems unable to counter the belief that in politics, one either wins or loses, and to win; means getting everything at once, now. The sense that politics can always bring another chance to be heard to persuade and perhaps to gain part of what one wants, is lost, political education today seems unable to teach the civil engagement the slow patient building of first coalitions and then majorities can generate social change (Carter & Elshtan, 1997). A message of importance therefore is not politics need not, indeed must not, be a zero, sum game. The idea that “winner takes all” has no place in a democracy because if losers lose all they will opt out of the democratic game. Sharing is essential in a democratic society, the sharing of power, of resources and of responsibilities. Those skills and the will or necessary trait of private and public characters are the products of a good civil election.  Statement of the Problem Should money and influence be the only determinant of an election in Nigeria political content? Must politician join any confraternity or go into feeble and illegal agreement with powerful rich mobile Nigeria before they could contest for an elections? God fatherism and politics will not bring about significant growth/development economically, socially and politically. The doctrine of separation of power and the theory of rule of law is not best assured. The fundamental human right is well protested as stipulated by the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria. Research Questions The following research questions were raised to guide the study. What patterns do godfatherism take in Nigeria political system? What factors promote godfatherism in Nigerian political system? What are the general effects of god fatherism in politics in Nigeria? How does education influence Nigerian politics and politicians in relation to godfatherism? Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to investigate the concept of God fatherism, how it influences Nigeria politics and politician and the role of education in Nigeria. How godfatherism is firmly and deeply principle in contemporary Nigeria policies. This study also examined the role of education in Nigeria politics. How civic education in a democracy is educating government.  Significance of the Study Significance of this study is to investigate the concept (God fatherism) how it influences Nigeria politics and politicians and the role of education in Nigeria politic e.g. 1.          Law makers 2.          Policy formulators 3.          The judiciary Delimitation of the Study This study will be focused mainly on the influence of godfatherism in Nigeria and politics in the fourth republic. The role of education basically.   BUY THE COMPLETE PROJECT                                                                               CALL 08050262622 07061003413 OFFICE Shop 4, OGO OLUWA Shopping Complex, Wessco lotto B/S, Ondo Road, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State.                              PRICE NIGERIA: N10000   INTERNATIONAL: $60                       PAYMENT OPTIONS NIGERIA Cash Deposit Bank: Access Bank Plc. Account Name: Wahab Babatunde A Account No: 0045036563 AMOUNT: N10000 NIGERIA Cash Deposit Bank: Guaranty Trust Bank Account Name: Wahab Babatunde A. Account No: 0050334028 AMOUNT: N10000

SECRET REVEALED: DISCOVER WHAT YOUR PROJECT SUPERVISOR IS LOOKING FOR IN YOUR PROJECT WORK AND HOW YOUR PROJECT IS GRADED By Wahab Babatunde

Being a ‘regular customer’ to your project supervisor is something now common among many Nigerian final year students.  Believe it or leave it! Some students can meet their project supervisors up to 15 times before they scale through chapter one. If you are having headache convincing your supervisor to approve your chapter one or proposal, then this article is for you.
You are welcome to my first part of ‘Discover what your supervisor is looking for in your project work’. This first series will cover the proposal/introductory sections of your research work.  As we all know, good grades do not just fall from heaven-it takes hard work and favor from God. Before you submit that seminar paper or research paper with the caption ‘submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of a degree’…. Your work must be good enough.
The first thing most project supervisors’ need from every student is their project proposal or a chapter one. This phase of a research work is the most important if you ask me. Why? Because this is the foundation in which all research designs, findings, measurement instruments will depend on. For instance your ability to link the background of the study with your problem statement will go a long way in helping you to develop good objectives and research questions to guide the entire study. So you now see why this research phase is so important?
To improve upon your project proposal or chapter one, I am going to handle each section one after the other and let you know what is required of you. Enjoy!

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Depending on the school's format, the first section of a typical proposal or chapter one is introduction. Most universities and polytechnics will allow students to start with background of the study. For easy understanding, I will group them together. The introduction/background of the study section allows readers to know a bit about the subject matter and the problem in a wider range. Here students’ ability to effectively bring out the central theme of the study is highly rewarded. Before embarking on most research work, there is usually a problem. Your ability to recount the problem in a concise and detailed manner will earn you your first mark in your introductory chapter.
Example
For easy understanding, if you are writing on ‘the effect of ASUU strike actions on academic performance of Undergraduates in Nigerian Universities’ you should be able to recount various ASUU strike actions that has occurred in Nigeria, and implications on students’ academic performances  thereafter. For the introductory part, you can start by defining ‘strike’ by one or two authors. After introducing the subject matter or variables/keywords, you start recounting the background of the problem under study.
The first recorded ASUU strike was on………..(Write more)
After then the problem of poor infrastructure in Nigerian Universities now led to another disastrous……
Empirical studies recorded by some renowned Nigerian researchers have indicated that students do not study during this strike due to…….
N/B:

• Start with a little introduction on your major keywords or variables in the study.
• Give a concise and historical background of the problem under study.
• Reference authors and if possible bring in a little empirical study centering around identified problems for the study in the background of the study.
• Depending on your schools’ format, also take a little time to write on the background of the organization or area under study.
• Do not make it too long. Ideally should not exceed two standard pages.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This is arguably the most important section of the introductory chapter of every project. Your ability to formulate a good background of the study will enable you to write a good problem statement. A problem statement is a summary of the background of the study. While the background of study talks more about the problem on a wider and detailed perspective, the problem statement is a brief summary of the problem.
A good statement of the problem must be concise, factual and relates with the background of the study. It should be brief enough to state the problem in a single line, then supported by previous research work(s) both empirical and theoretical.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
In simple terms objectives of a study is like the ‘map’ for the study. Based on the problem(s) being investigated, students should be able to develop the aims for the study as well as specific objectives to be achieved. Just like the ‘SMART’ analysis, your objectives must be specific to addressing your research problems, it must be measurable (research questions and hypothesis should be able to be formulated out of it), it must be accurate, realistic and timely.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Just like research objectives, your research questions give more insight into how the objectives of the study can be achieved. Students must know that research questions correspond with research objectives. It must be relevant enough to provide answers to problems being investigated by the researcher. It must be good enough to achieve the objectives of the study. Your research questions should be open to answers other than ‘yes/no’. Avoid questions beginning with ‘do/does’ or ‘Are/is’. For example, do not ask research questions like ‘Does ASUU strike affects students’ academic performance?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Hypotheses are tentament statements about a phenomenon.  They are more like assumptions to be tested and proved. Hypothesis formulated must be relevant to the problem under study and it should relate with both research objectives and questions of the study.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Students must justify the need for the study and how it will contribute to the society, the body of knowledge if successfully carried out.
To get good marks here, your study should be useful :

• To Government establishments, organizations-both private and public, NGOs- How it will help the government and managers of organizations to address identified problems and be successful.
• The Economy of your country:-Show how policies developed from the study can help improve the economy.
• Students’ researchers-state how your work will serve as a guide or foundation for future research studies

SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Ability of the student to delimit the study to a manageable limit is rewarded here. Students should explain the boundaries of the study as well as describe the aspect of the problem covered. For example, using our topic ‘the effect of ASUU strike actions on the academic performance of Undergraduates’,  one can delimit it to a  particular university or selected universities under study.
N/B: Scope could be managed in terms of geographical area, Time or period, research designs etc.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Ability of students to develop both conceptual and operational definitions of terms is rewarded. Students should evaluate the study carefully; define acronyms, keywords and variables in the study.
BONUS MARKS 
Additional marks will be added if:

• The work is neat. Although typed, one may wonder how a work which is not hand written can be un-tidy. How you arrange diagrams, headings, sub-headings, upper/lower case contribute to making your work neat.
• Spellings and grammar are correct.
• The work is fully referenced with accepted referencing style.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY IN NIGERIA

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY IN NIGERIA

BY

WAHAB BABATUNDE TEMITOPE

B.SC (ED)

JUNE 2015

Published Online By

http://temresearch.blogspot.com/

© 2014 Wahab Babatunde

NIGERIA:             07061003413

INTERNATIONAL:  +234 7061003413

BB PIN           2AFCA7C4

WHATAPP – 234 706100 3413

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY IN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

                This study reveals that Local governments are not sovereign and independent entities. Which used basically secondary data. Essentially Local governments are subordinate government  driving the existence and power from law enacted by a superior government. The nature and structure of transactions or interactions between the three tiers of government determine the degree of autonomy.  Thus, while the 1979, and 1999 Constitutions recognise the local government as a third tier of government, subject to the control of State governments, the abuse of these provisions in the Constitutions, especially by the State government, has brought to the fore-front the question of local government autonomy. Therefore, the only option is a review of the Constitution. Provisions should be put in place to check the loopholes that give room for such abuses by the State governments.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION   

1.1            Background of the Study                                         

1.2            Statement  of the Problem                                       

1.3            Aims and Objectives of the Study                           

1.4            Research Questions                                                   

1.5            Methodology of the Study                                        

1.6            Scope of the Study                                                   

1.7            Significance of the Study                                          

1.8            Organisation of the Study                                          

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW     

2.0      Introduction                                                               

2.1     Conceptual Framework                                                               

2.1.1 Local Government Administration defined                 

2.2     Historical Development  of  Local Government

         Administration in Nigeria                                         

2.3 History of Local Government Development in Nigeria

2.4  Local Government reforms in Nigeria                          

2.5  Challenges of Local Government Administration In

          Nigeria                                                                      

2.6 Theory of Inter-Governments Relations                       

2.7  The Concept of Autonomy                                          

2.7.1 The Quest for Local Government Autonomy            

2.8  Local Government Reforms                                        

2.8.1 The 1976 Reform                                                         

2.8.2 The 1991 Reforms                                                  

2.9 Limitation of Local Government Autonomy           

2.9.1 Problems of Sustaining Local Government Autonomy

2.10 Theoretical Framework                                                 

2.10.1 Theoretical Postulation                                                

CHAPTER THREE: LOCAL GOVERMENT IN INTER- GOVERNMENT RELATIONS

3.0     Introduction                                                                 

3.1  Models of Inter -Governmental Relations in Nigeria      

3.2 Local Governmental in Nigeria’s Inter- Governmental

           Relation Under The 1999 Constitution                         

CHAPTER FOUR: LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY IN NIGERIA

4.1 Introduction                                                                       

4.2 Local Government Autonomy                                          

4.3 Local Government Autonomy: The Nigerian Experience

4.4 Impediments to Local Government Autonomy                 

4.5 Discussion of Finding                                                       

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1            Summary                                                                      

5.2            Conclusion                                                                   

5.3            Recommendations                                                       

References                                                                    

   CHAPTER ONE

                                               INTRODUCTION     

1.1 Background to the Study

Local Government Councils are created and given powers and functions sanctioned by the Federal or state Government. The local government consists of usually democratically elected persons who are responsible to the local populace.  Prior to independence, local Government in Nigeria were ran by mostly British District Officers and the Local chieftains. However by independence, it was discovered that most of these chiefs and traditional rulers were elderly and illiterate and this lead to the creation of local government. Local Government council are corporating with perpetual succession, that is, they exist legally like individual, with the power to sue and to be sued in court of law. A corporation therefore doesn’t exist as a legally entity to carry out any other    functions apart from these  for which it was created (Orewa, 2003).

Although local government have been in existence in one form or another in Nigeria for quite sometimes, it was after a number of reform were affected, that they acquired the respectable status of that they now  enjoy. These reforms outline the importance of local government reforms. These reform measures have brought about the structural and financial changes in the government and it has also remained an invaluable reference point for subsequent reform measures that have been introduced in this country (Adekunle, 2004).

Globally, various strategies and approaches have been adopted or used by government for the purpose of good governance, and in their efforts at distributing the state resources to reach the people at the grassroots. However, there has not been congruence or general agreement on which strategy is the best, especially in the administration of the rural areas. Decentralisation constitutes the basic and principle basis for the establishment of Local government. A renowned International scholar of Local Government, Manhood as quoted in Dalhatu (2006) that "too much concentration of political and economic power at one level would ultimately and inevitably lead to what he referred to as managerial constipation". According to him, the basis of Local government is inextricably woven around the principle of decentralization. Local government is the product of decentralised administration. He further defined decentralization as:

an arrangement by which the management of the public affairs of a country is shared by the central/ state/province and local government in a manner that the Local government is given reasonable scope to raise funds and to use its resources to provide a range of socio-economic services and establish programmes to enhance the welfare of those resident in its area of authority.

Politically, decentralization involves the transfer of authority on a geographical basis and is inform of de-concentration or devolution. Decentralization by devolution is preferred in most nations - state in order to promote rapid development of the country, this manifests itself in the establishment of local government. Most nation-states avoid centralization because it inhibits the active political participation of the citizens in the running of their own affairs, and could be by implementation; results in a situation whereby despotism is extolled (Toyin In Omale, 2005). This precisely explains why most countries of the world prefer to decentralize their administration by devolution. It could be argued that centralization of the government though may appear to strengthen its power and grip over the people effectively; it may as well weaken the ability to use this power and also completely erode the basis of its legitimacy. The power at the centre is already over-burdened by so many problems of localities. Hardly could any political issue, irrespective of its frivolities, be resolved without reference to the power at the centre. Unnecessary meddling in or handling of these problems of local concerns by the national government may prevent it from dealing adequately with these problems. As such, it is imperative for an appropriate mechanism for dispersal and conservation of political power, (Dalhatu, 2006).

The above assertion brought to the fore-front the reason for decentralization and on this basis, the justification for the existence of local government. As asserted by Orewa and Adewumi (1992), the confusion had been on the form of decentralization in which the local government system in Nigeria was based. Is it decentralization by de-concentration or decentralization by devolution? This issue is tenser when it comes to the issue of local government autonomy in Nigeria. Therefore, this study examines the issue of Local government autonomy in Nigeria from a historical perspective. This is with a view to understanding the intricacies of the fundamental problem of local government autonomy in Nigeria. The study will also examine some of the inherent factors inhibiting local government autonomy in Nigeria.              

1.2    Statement of the Problems                                  

The problem of governance particularly at the local level has been a recurring decimal in the political history of Nigeria. Local government in Nigeria started during the colonial era when it was vested in the hands of traditional rulers, and it operated in a very undemocratic manner.  Over the years, efforts have been made to democratize local government and make it more responsive to developmental needs. Similarly, the problems of local government in Nigeria have been documented and they include among other things, inadequate planning, poor implementation of policies, inadequate revenue, corruption and mismanagement, lack of adequate manpower, lack of autonomy, lack of participation by the people and inter-governmental conflict.

The 1976 local government reform defines local government as: government at local level exercised through representative council, established by law to exercise specific powers within defined areas. These powers should give the council substantial control over local affairs as well as the staff, institutional and financial powers to initiate and direct the provision of services. To determine and implement projects so as to complement the activities of the State and federal governments in their areas, and to ensure, through these councils and active participation of the people and their traditional institutions, that local initiative and response to local needs and conditions are maximized.

Therefore, this study is aim to critically investigate the Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria.

1.3      Purpose of the Study 

The Overall purpose of this study is to examine critically the Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria. The following are the specific objectives of the study:

v To discus local government autonomy in perspective. 

v To examine  the issue of Local government autonomy in Nigeria from a historical perspective

v To discuss the influences the kind of autonomy that both the federal and state governments entrust to the local government

v To outline the inherent factors inhibiting local government autonomy in Nigeria.

v To discuss  the impediments to local government autonomy

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions are meant to serve as a guide to proffer direction and possible solution to the topic of research.

v What is local government autonomy?

v What are the issue of Local government autonomy in Nigeria from a historical perspective

v What influences the kind of autonomy that both the federal and state governments entrust to the local government?

v What are the inherent factors inhibiting local government autonomy in Nigeria.

v What are the impediments to local government autonomy?

1.5   Methodology of the Study 

This research study used basically utilize secondary data from central bank of Nigeria (CBN), federal of office of statistics (FOS), symposia text, coupled with journals from Nigeria Economic Society and tips from Encyclopedia. Besides, data were gathered from other secondary  sources  such as the electronic media i.e internet, which provide a rich source of information; Articles, write ups, News reports in human right and economic development were properly utilized in order to arrive at a tangible conclusion   

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study 

This study will appraise the local government autonomy in Nigeria.  The study will discuss the Local government autonomy in Nigeria from a historical picture, effect and impart of local government autonomy. This is with a view to understanding the intricacies of the fundamental problem of local government autonomy in Nigeria.

Certain limitations are anticipated in the causes of this study, this include inadequate fund, inadequate time, death of materials among others factors.  

1.8 Significance of the Study 

The outcome of this study will be useful to academic, educators, governmental and non – governmental organization, civil societies and the general public.  It will shed more light on the effect of autonomy of local government in Nigeria, its implication on the survival of democracy, the need to curb local government challenges and problems among other things. The study will also fuel further research into the study, and act as consulting materials to other researcher.

1.9 Organization of the Study

This research study would be divided into five chapters; Chapter one would give a general introduction to the study. Chapter two would concentrate on the review assessment of the available and relevant literature on the whole topic. Chapter three will present the history of local government development in Nigeria. Chapter four will focus on the politics of local Government Autonomy in Nigeria Reloaded. Chapter five will summarize the whole study and drawn its major conclusion and recommendation.

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